Words and Phrases of Love in French

Words and Phrases of Love in French If French is the language of love, what better language is there with which to express your love? Here are some key French words and phrases related to love, friendship, and special occasions. Click on the link to hear the word or phrase pronounced. Love amour Love at first sight le coup de foudre friendship amiti I love you Je taime I love you too Moi aussi, je taime I adore you Je tadore Will you marry me? Veux-tu mpouser? to kiss embrasser to french kiss galocher (learn more) to date sortir avec to fall in love (with) tomber amoureux (de) (not tomber en amour) to get engaged se fiancer (or avec) to get married se marier avec engagement les fianailles marriage le mariage wedding les noces, le mariage wedding anniversary lanniversaire de mariage honeymoon la lune de miel St. Valentines Day (card) (une carte de) la Saint-Valentin present un cadeau flowers des fleurs candy des bonbons clothes des vtements perfume du parfum jewelry des bijoux engagement ring une bague de fianailles wedding ring une alliance husband un mari, un poux wife une femme, une pouse fiance un fianc, une fiance* lover un amant, une amante boyfriend un copain girlfriend une copine friend un ami, une amie* dear, sweetheart chri, chrie* * Same pronunciation for masculine and feminine version. French Terms of Endearment (Termes dAffection) French has all kinds of interesting terms of endearment, including a rather odd assortment of barnyard animals. Check out this list of French terms of endearment to use with your loved ones (both romantic and familial). For the most part, these all mean something along the lines of sweetie, darling, or poppet, so weve provided the literal translations as well as a few notes (in parentheses). My love mon amour My angel mon ange My baby mon bb My beautiful (informal) ma belle My dear mon cher, ma chre My dearie mon chri, ma chrie My cutie mon mignon My Half ma moiti My little guy / girl mon petit / ma petite My doll ma poupe My heart mon cur My little girl (informal, old-fashioned) ma fifille My big guy / girl mon grand / ma grande My Jesus (when talking to a child) mon jsus My treasure mon trsor My (fruit) core (when talking to a child) mon trognon Ma  mie  literally my female friend, but used to mean my dear/love. This is a somewhat old-fashioned term contracted from  mon amie mamie ma mie. Note that  mie  also refers to the soft part of bread - the opposite of the crust. Affectionate French Terms Related to Animals Learn some playful French word for your loved ones. My doe ma biche My little doe ma bichette My quail (informal) ma caille My duck mon canard My kitten mon chaton My cat (familiar) ma chatte My pig mon cochon My egg mon coco My hen (informal) ma cocotte My rabbit mon lapin My otter ma loutre My wolf mon loup My pussycat (informal) mon mimi My pussycat mon minet / ma minette My kitty mon minou My hen ma poule My chicken mon poulet My pullet (informal) ma poulette My chick (informal) mon poussin My flea (informal) ma puce Love Words Related to Food My cabbage, my pastry (informal) mon chou My favorite, blue-eyed boy/girl, pet* (informal) mon chouchou My dropping (also refers to a small, round goat cheese) ma crotte My barley sugar mon sucre dorge *as in teachers pet    Notes About Modifiers The word  petit  (little) can be added in front of most of these:  mon petit chou,  ma petite chatte, etc.The phrase  en sucre  (made of sugar) can be added to the end of some:  mon trà ©sor en sucre,  mon cÅ“ur en sucre, etc. Note that the  possessive adjectives  mon  and  ma  (my) have to agree with the gender of the term of endearment- not your own gender nor necessarily that of the person youre talking to/about. Generally speaking, masculine terms of endearment can be used for men and women, while feminine terms of endearment can only be used for women. Perfect Your Pronunciation: How to Say I Love You in French They say that French is the language of love, so youd better know how to say I love you! These step-by-step instructions will teach you how to say I love you in French. Heres How Find the person you love.Say his or her name.Say  je taime:j  in  je  is pronounced [zh] like the g in miragee  is pronounced like the oo in goodtaime  is pronounced [tem] to rhyme with them.Optional: Follow with my darling:To a woman   ma chà ©rie, pronounced [ma shay ree].To a man   mon chà ©ri, pronounced [mo(n) shay ree]. The (n) is  nasal.You can also choose a different  French term of endearmentOptional: To respond to someone who says I love you, say  Moi aussi, je taime  (I love you too).moi  is pronounced mwa.aussi  is pronounced oh see.You can listen to sound files of these terms on my page of  French love language What You Need A few minutes of practiceA romantic locationYour beloved(optional) candles, flowers, bonbons, soft music, an engagement ring... English Expressions Using Love The English word love is found in many different expressions. Heres how to translate these phrases into French. love affair (literal) une liaison love affair (figurative) une passion love at first sight le coup de foudre love child un enfant damourun enfant illgitimeun enfant naturel love feast une agapeun banquet love game (tennis) un jeu blanc love handles poignes damour love-hate relationship un rapport amour-haine love-in-a-mist (plant) la nigelle de Damas love-knot les lacs damour love letter une lettre damourun billet-doux love-lies-bleeding (plant) amarante queue-de-renard love life la vie amoureuseses amours love match un mariage damour love nest un nid damourun nid damoureux love of ones life le grand amour love potion un philtre damour love scene une scne damour love seat une causeuse love story une histoire damour love (in tennis) zro, rien love token un gage damour love triangle un triangle amoureux loved ones tres chers lovestruck perdument amoureux brotherly love amour fraternel casual love affair un amour de rencontre courtly love amour courtois declaration of love une dclaration damour first love son premier amour free love amour libre in love (with) amoureux (de) labor of love une tche accomplie pour le plaisir madly in love fou damour my love (term of endearment) mon amour physical love amour physique platonic love amour platonique puppy love amour juvnile true love le grand amour for the love of God pour lamour de Dieu He loves me, he loves me not Il maime un peu, beaucoup, passionnment, la folie, pas du tout Hows your love life? Comment vont tes amours ? Id love to! Avec plaisir !Volontiers ! It cant be had for love nor money. Cest introuvable.On ne peut se le procurer aucun prix. Lucky at cards, unlucky in love Heureux au jeu, malheureux en amour not for love nor moneyI wouldnt do it for love nor money. pour rien au mondeJe ne le ferais pour rien au monde. Someone up there loves me. Cest mon jour de veine. Theres no love lost between them. Entre eux, ce nest pas le grand amour.Ils ne peuvent pas se sentir. to do something for the love of it faire qqchose pour lamour de lart to do something out of love for faire qqchose par lamour pour to do something with loving care faire qqchose avec amour to fall in love (with) tomber amoureux (de) to live on love alone vivre / se nourrir damour et deau frache to love aimer to make love faire lamour

Definition and Examples of Asymmetry in Communication

Definition and Examples of Asymmetry in Communication In conversation analysis, asymmetry is an imbalance in the relationship between speaker and hearer(s) as a result of social and institutional factors. Also called conversational asymmetry and language asymmetry. In Conversation Analysis (2008), Hutchby and Wooffitt point out that one of the features of arguments in ordinary conversation is that there may be struggles over who sets their opinion on the line first and who gets to go second. . . . [T]hose in second position . . . are able to choose if and when they will set out their own argument, as opposed to simply attacking the others. Examples and Observation: Comrades . . . he said, using the official title.We arent your comrades, interrupted Comrade Cherepin. You are a defendant here!And who is asking the questions here? Petro shot back. I thought Sydir was the judge.Someone burst into laughter. Sydir, the judge, who all this time was sitting as straight as a ramrod in his chair, now gazed at the members of the court and found them looking at him and then at each other.But this atmosphere of confusion did not last long. Comrade Cherepin jumped to his feet.I am asking the questions here! he shouted with arrogance. And what I am asking must be answered, for I am the representative of the Party.(Miron Dolot, Execution by Hunger: The Hidden Holocaust. W.W. Norton, 1985) Asymmetry and Power: Doctors and Patients [E]mpirical analysis has repeatedly revealed fundamental ways in which institutional forms of discourse indeed exhibit systematic asymmetries that mark them out from ordinary conversation. To take an example, in medical encounters, which have been the subject of a vast amount of research documenting asymmetries in institutional interaction (Maynard, 1991), one way of tracing the power relationship between doctors and their patients is by counting the number of questions that are asked by each participant, looking at the type of questions asked by doctors and patients, and/or counting the number of times a doctor interrupts a patient and vice versa. Large-scale asymmetries emerge from such exercises from which it may be concluded that doctors exert control over the concerns expressed within the consultation, and patients defer to the authority of the doctor by refraining from battling for such control themselves.(Ian Hutchby, Confrontation Talk: Arguments, Asymmetries, and Power on Ta lk Radio. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1996) Concealed Asymmetries at Work If a performance is to be effective it will be likely that the extent and character of the cooperation that makes this possible will be concealed and kept secret.([Erving] Goffman, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. 1959: 104) The suggestion made in Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, above is reiterated in Goffmans 1983 paper, in which he again reminds us that service relations are a matter of tacit cooperation between asymmetries that must remain unmarked. In spite of the collaboration of the new workplace activities, there remains an essential tension or asymmetry between worker and customer/client or between workers in different positions and contexts of work. The social work that the participants must do requires them to cooperate in concealing the existence of this asymmetry for the purpose of preserved order. When differentials are recognized, repair work has to be part of the encounter. Goffman suggests that to preserve the interaction order persons need to act as if the principle of symmetry was in place.(Jenny Cook-Gumperz, Cooperation, Collaboration and Pleasure in Work: Issues for Intercultural Communication at Work. Culture in Communication: Analyses of Intercultural Situations, ed. by Aldo Di Luzio, Susanne Gà ¼nthner, and Franca Orletti. John Benjamins, 2001) Sources of Asymmetry in Communication Status provides a mechanism for giving values to the variables of appropriateness and effectiveness and relativizing these across different types of social relation and cultural setting. Both enchrony and status are sources of asymmetry in communication. From enchrony, there is asymmetry in preference relations and in the associated one-way notion of response. From status, there is an unequalness of social relations, readily seen in relationships like father-son, shopkeeper-customer or speaker-hearer. There now remains a third source of asymmetry in communication . . .- the distributed nature of responsibility and commitment concerning knowledge and information in communication.(N.J. Enfield, Sources of Asymmetry in Human Interaction: Enchrony, Status, Knowledge and Agency. The Morality of Knowledge in Conversation, ed. by Tanya Stivers, Lorenza Mondada, and Jakob Steensig. Cambridge University Press, 2011) The Lighter of Asymmetry   Let me tell you something. Its every coachs dream to experience the highest level of idiocy that his team can muster, and gentlemen, collectively us coaches, we are living a dream.(Kyle Chandler as Coach Eric Taylor, addressing his high school football team in Swerve. ​Friday Night Lights, 2011)- Okay, shut up! Ill do the talking. You just stand there and try to look like youre doing something besides just standing there.​(Jeff Dunham as Peanut in Jeff Dunham: Minding the Monsters, 2012)

Supply chain management, innovation capability of the company Dell Essay

Supply chain management, innovation capability of the company Dell - Essay Example The organization is continuously focusing on technological innovation. Attractive tablets and touch screen products has increased the brand preference. Recently, Dell is one of the leading brand names within the technology industry due to its effective product differentiation and supply chain process (Mentzer, 2004, p.112). This essay will focus on various supply chain strategies and processes of Dell. Discussion Delegated suppliers of Dell are the strongest assets of the organization. Effective and unique supply chain process is the major core competency of the organization. Dell focuses on two criteria during the selection of the suppliers. These are health and safety and management qualification. Effective contribution of diverse suppliers have supports the whole business process of Dell. Effective supply chain strategy and process helps the organization to meet market demand and customer satisfaction. A firm of suppliers need to have the dignity, respect and ethical standards (Ma ngan, Lalwani and Mentzer, 2004, p.112). Moreover, women owners, ethnic minorities, veterans and disable veterans are the effective parts of the supply chain management of Dell. Supply chain network of Dell consists of 6 key ingredients, such as sub-component manufacturer, component manufacturer, component assembler, wholesaler, retailer and final customer. The organization utilizes several sub-component manufacturers to establish the major component. These established components are provided to Dell. The organization has developed itself as large wholesaler in global market place. These completed components of Dell are then purchased by the wholesaler. Following to this, several global retailers purchase these products from their wholesalers to mitigate the market demand (Bozath, 2006, p.22). Finally, the end-potential customers avail the products from retailers to satisfy their own individual level of needs and desire. Dell follows a unique supply chain process. Suppliers and cust omers are two key parts in the supply chain process of Dell. The suppliers of Dell supply the products on appropriate demand in every two hours. Generally customers place order for the products through phone and internet (Li, 2007, p.51). All the manufacturing units or plants of Dell have unique internal storing system. Merging storing system is the key part of the supply chain of Dell. Effective logistics associates of Dell provide deliveries and services within the mentioned deadline. The organization focuses on highly qualified and capable suppliers as the major goal of the organization is to meet the satisfaction level of customer through effective customer service and significant technological innovation. Dell operates within the first movers industry. The suppliers of Dell always focus on innovation and effective supply chain processes. The organization tries to invest significantly in order to avail latest and developed materials to develop several innovative products like to uch screen. Highly qualified suppliers are necessary for this reason. The unique suppliers help the organization to utilize unique source of product materials. Supply chain theory depends on two key aspects like supply chain management and internal functional co-ordination. Effective supply chain management helps the organization to monitor and manage the suppliers in a unique strategic manner. The employees of Dell take the major initiative

Why teenagers should have a curfew Research Paper

Why teenagers should have a curfew - Research Paper Example They get ample of time in the nights to enjoy and do the new things. This inclination involved many youths in midnight criminal activities. Different cities of America and other countries enforced youth curfew to curtail crime ratio and enhance youth safety. Omaha enforced first teen curfew in 1880. There are mainly two types of curfews enforced in different countries with different limitations and these are, city enforced curfew and parental curfew. Curfew did a great job in reducing crime rate, increasing youth safety and making parents more responsible in caring teenagers, importance and outcome of all these achievements be discussed below. By 2010, 500 US cities imposed curfew on under 18 teenagers prohibiting their move out in streets. Even teenagers were prohibited to move in streets or anywhere away from home on weekends. Curfews in American cities are saving teenagers from becoming unintended victim of criminals and other adult violence. Reduction in midnight juvenile crime r ate and youth victimization is the main aim of teenage curfew. New Orleans, Texas and Detroit city enforced teenage curfew and after three years observed decline of 84% in all midnight criminal activities. †status offences† laws were implemented in California resulted in reduction of 32% of midnight burglary crimes from 1978 to 1997 (Males & Macallair 1999). Most of the cities imposed penalty of 500 US dollars on juvenile appearance at public places after 11 pm. This reduced the theft, sexual abuse and shooting cases in the cities. â€Å"Comprehensive community based curfew programs† were introduced by office of juvenile justice in 1996 in America. The annual report showed great decline in youth victimization in the cities (Males & Macallair 1999). Los angles carried out comprehensive analysis from July 97 to 98. In first six months of curfew enforcement, 4810 people were arrested in 97 and produced no effect on youth crime and victimization. However, during the n ext six months, the curfew arrests cut back sharply due to decline in youth crime (Males & Macallair 1999). Teenagers are considered new comers in the outdoor life. Teenage is the stage when youths are more curious about the future and want to forget the past time. Despite knowing all the emotions, yet parents want to minimize teen exposure to outer world in order to save them from lot many problems. Teens in their early youth stage are prone to ills like Intoxication, murder, drinking, smoking, sexual abuse and criminal activities (Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention 152). Despite ensuring safety, curfew helps teen in understanding family life and customs. They spare more time for the activities like, religious duties, school or college work, sports and any other thing considered necessary by parents for saving the teenager from abuses of outer world. Teens also sometimes understand the importance of curfew for their safety. It is sometimes very difficult for a yo uth to get out in the streets at midnight especially the young girls cannot afford this practise too long. There have been recorded incidents of sexual attempts on the teen girls roaming around in the silent streets of California (Ruefle & Brantley 189). Therefore, at some stage of their life, they thank their parents for saving them from violence and youth offences. Teens at the age of 16 or 17 normally do not understand what parents say and with which purpose. Teens normally think that parents are taking away their freedom by restricting their life. It is very important aspect of curfew that teens are not treated as adults in American cities (Ruefle & Brantley 192). Curfew makes youths more responsible to handle life affairs when they reach adult stage. Curfew help youths to be accustomed with disciplined

History of Welfare in Ireland: Poor Law and Beveridge Report

History of Welfare in Ireland: Poor Law and Beveridge Report This paper will briefly outline the development of social service provision in Ireland from 1922 to the present day, highlighting several factors such as the Poor Law (1598-1948) and The Beveridge Report (1942) that have played a significant role in the shaping of this welfare approach known as ‘residual welfare’. For a variety of reasons such as economic growth, different political parties and differing welfare system options, UK’s welfare state has gained much crisis discussion. Residual welfare is not a universal welfare model; rather it is a system aimed at providing provision for those specific individuals in society that need and fit certain criteria, generally defined as ‘the poor’. Within residual welfare systems, welfare provision is considered to be a safety net, available only to those defined within the policy context as most in need, usually when the market or family has failed. According to Titmuss’ framework from 1974, Britain represents the ‘individual welfare system’ where there is a limited function of state welfare. Universal welfare is based upon the premise that welfare services are accessible to everyone, usually determined on the basis of citizenship within a nation state. The difficulty with this system is that it can be costly. Therefore, a residual system is aiming to reduce those costs by apportioning provisions to only those who need them. (Mau 2001, pp. 5-9; Titmuss, R 1974, p.20). It is helpful to acknowledge that welfare is an ambiguous term which can cause discrepancies between individuals and agencies when looking at welfare needs and services. Some individuals expect a return for any contribution they make to a social system whereas other are content with knowing the system is there for those that need it and that might not necessarily include themself. There is a strong belief that the system should be a premium-benefit one, where the current financiers will one day be the future users. It can also open the question of who it should be available to, how long, should they pay and are they deserving? Welfare is generally used in three main senses, the first referring to a person’s refers to general well-being. Of course, well-being is another term that can mean different things to different people. From a sociological framework, it generally means having access to basic needs such as shelter and food, but it does go beyond simply needs; to achieve we ll being, people must have choices, and the scope to choose personal goals and ambitions. Welfare also refers to the range of services available to look after people in a number of conditions throughout their life, for example childhood, sickness and old age. (Mau 2001, pp. 4-6). Historically, the model of welfare which has been the most dominant model in English-speaking countries is known as ‘residual welfare’ which stemmed from Poor Law (1598-1948). Poor Law was first implemented in 1598 and continued until 1948. This Elizabethan method aimed at providing three central aspects, a compulsory poor rate, the creation of overseers of relief and the provision for setting the poor on work. It provided discretionary payments to individuals assessed as being in need. It was a harsh law aimed at providing the bare minimum an individual would need to survive in the aim that people would rely upon it for existence, creating a dependence upon social security which would result in a negative image of public support. It aimed to control and discipline the poor and in some ways punch by providing support that was below the lowest wage, a principle known as ‘lowest eligibility’. This law continued to be important in the delivery of many means-tes ted benefits until the last two decades of the twentieth century. (Alcock 2003, p. 24-8; Williams 1989, pp. 150-4). Following on this movement in Britain’s welfare system, Mau (2001) stated that on some levels, a welfare state can help to repair social divisions or at least ‘to mitigate social inequalities; not only in terms of material inequalities, but also in ideological and political terms.’ Thus the Beveridge Report from 1942 proposed a system of National Insurance, based on three assumptions, family allowances, a national health service, and lastly full employment. It was written by Sir William Beveridge, a highly respected economist and expert on unemployment problems. Opinion polls reported that the majority of the British public welcomed the reports findings and wished to see them implemented as quickly as possible, seemingly relieved at the possibility of a less harsh social system than the Poor Law. The first post-war election, in June 1945, resulted in a victory for the Labour Party, devout promoters of the Beveridge Report. It quickly became the blueprint for the m odern British welfare state, even being referred to as by any measure a landmark. (Alcock 2003, p. 24-8; Williams 1989, pp. 150-4; Historic Figures. William Beveridge, 23rd February 2007). The Beveridge Report aimed to provide a expansive system of social insurance for an individuals whole life. Here we have the induction of the ‘residual model’ that still exists to a degree in Ireland. It proposed that all working people should pay a weekly contribution to the state, in other words, tax. In return, benefits would be paid to the unemployed, the sick, the retired and the widowed, those who needed it. Beveridge wanted to ensure that there was an acceptable minimum standard of living in Britain below which nobody fell, very different to the aims of Poor Law. (Alcock 2003, p. 6; Mau 2001, p. 3; Schifferes, S, 26 July 2005). Changes in the welfare system have continued to the present day, post 1948, the key elements of Irelands welfare state have remained focused upon social security, health, housing, education and children. The Welfare State was not intended to respond to poverty; that was what the Poor Law had aimed to, rather its main purpose was to encourage the provision of the social services on the same basis as the public services, including medical services, roads, libraries, local community needs. In other words, it aimed to create an institutional model of welfare. (Mau 2001, pp. 3-5; ). This paper has aimed to briefly illustrate the changes in Ireland’s welfare system highlighting several factors such as the Poor Law (1598-1948) and The Beveridge Report (1942) that have played a significant role in the shaping of this welfare approach known as ‘residual welfare’, a system, aimed to be available if and when an individual needs its services.The development and implication of welfare provision in Britain is a lengthy and complicated issue, therefore this paper aimed to provide a brief summary of some of the key events leading to its present situation known as a ‘residual welfare system’. Bibliography Alcock, P. 2003. 2nd Edition. Social Policy in Britain. Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire. Esping-Anderson, G 1990. The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Polity Press, Oxford. Mau, S 2001. Patterns of Popular Support for the Welfare State. A Comparison of the United Kingdom and Germany. Social Research Center, Berlin. Offe, C 1987. Democracy against the Welfare State? Structural Foundations of Neoconservative Political Opportunities. In Political Theory, Vol.15, No 4, November, pp. 501-537). Page, R Silburn, R 1999. British Social Welfare in the Twentieth Century. St Martin’s Press Inc, Hampshire. Titmuss, R.M. 1974. Social Policy. Allen and Unwin, London. Williams, F 1989. Social Policy. A Critical Introduction. Polity Press, Cambridge. bbc.cok.uk, 2007, Historic Figures. William Beveridge (1879 1963), BBC Homepage 23rd February, retrieved 23rd February 2007 from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/beveridge_william.shtml. Schifferes, S 2005, Britains long road to the welfare state, BBC News 26 July, retrieved 23rd February 2007 from:http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4696391.stm. Investigation: Personal Technology Mediated Communication Investigation: Personal Technology Mediated Communication Table of Contents List of abbreviations List of extracts List of figures 1Introduction 2Analysis 2.1Choice of mode 2.1.1Cost 2.1.2Degree of comfort 2.1.3Medium uniqueness 2.1.4Formality 2.1.5Peer influence 2.1.6Immediacy 2.1.7Intertextuality Retrievability Navigability 2.1.8Multifunction 2.1.9Lack of desire for self-disclosure 2.2Nature of language used 2.2.1Language background 2.2.2Keyboard affordance 2.2.3Intimacy level 2.2.4Cultural value 2.3Semiotic resources 2.3.1Numbering, paragraphing, colouring textual specification 2.3.2Emoji, stickers, symbol 2.3.3Tagging function 2.3.4Telepresence indicators 2.4Interweaving of media in extended interactions 2.4.1Postponement 2.4.2Confidentiality/Secrecy 2.4.3Spatial constrain 2.4.4Clarification 2.4.5Instant feature and directive influence 3Conclusion References FtF face-to-face FB Facebook FM Facebook Messenger Extract 1 Extract 2 Extract 3 Extract 4 Extract 5 Extract 6 Extract 7 Extract 8 Extract 9 Extract 10 Extract 11 Extract 12 Figure 1 Emoji Figure 2 Sticker MimYam Figure 4 Green dot Figure 5 Group conversation Figure 6 Message seen Communication in todays world is profoundly affected by technological features and users perceived of their usage. Multimodal technological resources facilitate interaction beyond temporal and spatial distance with various participation modes (Barton Lee, 2013, p. 29), also correlate with users medium choice, behaviour and psychology. In technology-mediated communication, choice of mode is decided by the setting, selecting strategy and evaluating outcome of the communication (Joinson, 2003, p. 125), or by participants perceived affordances of the media (Herring Demarest, 2011, pp. 19-21). For instance, text can be preferred over more novel medium like audio or video thanks to its richer communication markers, asynchronicity and low level of self-consciousness. In a paper by Laursen (2012, pp. 87-97), the shift from text message to call is attributed to synchronicity, immediacy, complex information processing, and chance for negotiation. Call also denotes some degree of intimacy involving simultaneous checking of relationship status through breath, pitch or pauses in oral exchange. Innovation in communication technology also entails more types of semiosis for interaction. Hutchby (2001, p. 96) points out telephone conversation has a distinct means of summon not by human oral production but by the sound of the ring which signals an upcoming call that the other end of the line will pick up and respond. Later when Internet appears, it enables greater access to information thanks to intertextual hyperlinks or expression of emotions via emoticons (Barton Lee, 2013, p. 29). Added to this, (Lamy, 2006, p. 388) lists clicking a button to denote conversation ended, retaining of message after the interactants have left the chat platform, also the help of telepresence indicators like the faded name or photo. Vandergriff (2013, pp. 8-10) focuses on the use of CMC cues in which the use of multiple exclamation mark could express assertiveness or intensified disagreement, smiley icons indicate a dispreference of an action, or turn ellipsis is understood as mitigated disappro val or openness for conversation expansion. Additionally, technology also influences our language and our self-expression. Hutchby (2001, p. 86) concerns the lack of physical context cue that makes telephone conversations normally involve identification process at the beginning of the conversation. In online language analysis, Barton and Lee (2013, p. 69) and Herring and Demarest (2011, p. 4) mention gender in which male users tend use more impersonal expression and longer messages whereas female prefer to use the first person and express more feelings. Moreover, Barton and Lee (2013: 68-69) claim that the dynamics and control over our online self-disclosure involve choosing which part of and how our identities to be revealed and accordingly present a less or more associative image in comparison to our offline identities. This regulates our online writing language and entails adjustment of language to whom we could expected or imagined. Regarding behaviour and psychology, Joinson (2003) proposes five key dimensions of tool-behaviour relationship involves synchronicity, the cues transmitted, bandwidth and cost constraints, level of anonymity, and sender-recipient exclusivity. In CMC, people may also tend to follow the hyperpersonal model (Walther et al., 2015, pp. 13-14) whereby they exaggerate perceived reality about the other interactants and use it to inform their future actions. Devices affordances may cause users to be under pressure to be constantly available for being contacted (Cumiskey Ling, 2015, p. 231). Also, online psychology and behaviour involves individual self-disclosure where people desire to express themselves (Walther et al., 2015) and act as the source of information (Sundair et al., 2015), whereas includes deindividuation in which individual identity is partially or fully hidden (Walther et al., 2015, p.11) or self-awareness is reduced to merge in online social norms (Spears Postmes, 2015, p. 25). In a nutshell, a number of aspects related to technology-mediated communication have been investigated and is being studied in response to the rapid development of technological applications and diverse users perceived affordances. The following part, hence, will dedicate to analyse my own use of technology for communication in the light of the reviewed studies, and hopefully brings out some contributive findings. Devices involved in this analysis were tablet, mobile phone and computer, and the tablet also has a SIM card reader so it can act as a mobile phone. Soft medium analysed included Google Email and online data cloud, Facebook (FB), Facebook Messenger (FM) a separate application for sending messaging or calling among FB users, and Skype another application for sending text messages and making calls. All these applications are Internet-based and free of charge. 2.1 Choice of mode 2.1.1 Cost Cost is the first-and-foremost factor that manipulates my communication mode choice. The more the medium costs, the less likely it is to be chosen. Though the SIM card enabling domestic and international calls, mobile phone was not favoured since phone service always charged money and the fee would be burgeoned for overseas interaction. Consequently, I only employed free services like email to contact professors or Skype and FB to contact relatives and friends though all of them are approachable on telephone line. I once used mobile phone to contact an overseas travel agency in the US because their line was toll-free, so I only had to pay a minimal amount of money for international dialling but I could talk on the phone as long as I want since the call fee was paid by the travel agency. 2.1.2 Degree of comfort Thanks to its light weight mobility and availability, Tablet was more preferred with higher comfort degree over computer with heavier weight and requiring more acts like starting, shutting down or plugging charger. Tablet was more mobile to carry along to all places such as desk, bed, classroom and in motion like walking on the street. The degree of comfort was also true to the choice of soft medium where none of my communication involved video sharing or video calling. This is explained by my preference for modes with low level of self-consciousness like texting or calling where I could comfortably maintain interaction without being distracted by my reflection or worrying about my appearance on the screen. 2.1.3 Medium uniqueness Choice of mode was restrained by the other entity and this made me stick to only one medium. For instance, brands or organizations websites all offer visitors to leave their emails so that new reduction/sales or upcoming events would be sent to them automatically, and the sole medium used to subscribe was email. In another case of citizen services, when I wanted to book a visa appointment via an Embassy, the office only allowed booking via mobile phone in which visitors dial the provided number to provide personal information and receive confirmed schedule by an officer. Besides, some of my addressees only provide me their email or their FB so email or FM were the sole channels to communicate with them and no other choice of medium could be employed. 2.1.4 Formality Formality of the message and the interaction itself also decides the modes of communication. For formal communication like asking for professors supervision, excusing absence in a class session or job application, email would be a better choice. The email interface itself is more neutral and professional with separate spaces for typing subjects and contents, office font sizes, bullet and numbering, etc. to present the information in a well-organized and formal format. Those functions are not provided by the instant messaging, mobile phone SMS or calling. For informal talks like gossiping about non-academic problems, email may not be as suitable as other texting or chatting applications that allow instant response. 2.1.5 Peer influence The medium I choose was also affected by the technology that the other entities use. If the addressees encounter some technical or personal problems, I accordingly opt for the medium that best works on their device and suit their condition. For example, my mothers eyes are far-sighted so its hard for her to navigate where to click to see inbox or to send text in emailing and texting. For that reason, I only used voice chatting or video calling rather than texting when communicating with her. My father, more interestingly, does not know how to use any smart devices and could only be approached by classic media like SMS or phone calling, so whenever I wanted to contact him phone-calling is my only resort. 2.1.6 Immediacy Regarding the immediacy in communication, email seems to be inferior to other applications like mobile phone, Skype or FM. Email could take long duration to receive a response and they are at risk of being filtered as spam or junk by the email account. If the recipient does not check their spam box, there is likelihood that my email never reaches them. There is also another case when sending emails to organizations/offices and my email is not instantly checked and replied until the next day because it has to queue in a line of many other enquiries sent to the offices. And of course it is very awkward and time-consuming when having an informal and close-knit chat with friends in which me and my friends keep clicking and sending emails while we can choose to text each other using FM or Skype. Therefore, in case I need an immediate response for my communication, I prefer calling via mobile phone (if the information is urgent) or Skype or texting with FM. 2.1.7 Intertextuality Retrievability Navigability Obviously, text mode normally allows better information retrieval than call mode, and this function is more enhanced in CMC where external sources of information exchanged in interaction could be accessed by all interactants and be easily navigated with one click even when the conversation has ended. For example, functions incorporated in Google email enables searching sent or received mails through typing keywords and provides capacity to upload audio, video and documents easily shared with other people who have Google account just by one click. Or in another case when I had a group chat discussing accommodation booking, we decided to type because it was easier to refer to different options by pasting the links or screen captures into the chatting box and the whole group could see exactly which hostel was being considered. Those options were retained forever in the box chat so we could retrieve them several days/months later. 2.1.8 Multifunction Sometimes the consideration of hard medium between computer or Tablet is decided by the affordances of the device itself, and it is obscure that computer is more multifunctional than the other counterpart. Computer allows multi-window operating at the same time while my Tablet does not, also many acts are easier to be done on bigger screen and keyboards rather than on touch device, e.g long text processing. Multifunctional features also applied for my choice of soft medium and this could be illustrated in the comparison between email and IM via FM or Skype. Emails affordances are superior with possibility to forward a large amount of information, to format the text in highlighted forms with colouring, large font size, or underlining, or to send emails to different recipients simultaneously without letting them know about each other (Bcc). FM or Skype undeniably has not included all those functions, they do not have a search box to type in keywords, no data cloud, no font size or bull et options, and previous messages are time-consuming to retrieve. However, their function to track whether the recipient has seen their messages made them surpass email in some cases. 2.1.9 Lack of desire for self-disclosure My choice of medium, or to be exact, the functions of medium was affected by my low desire for self-expression in which I use FB but hardly employed multimodal resources for posting, sharing, surfing, hashtag, or commenting. I have little demand for self-disclosure so I did not share the things I read, the feelings I have or the events/places I had been to on my FB page. All my interactions via FB channel were instant messaging initiated by the need to update situation of relatives and friends in my home country or exchange information about a particular problem. Even though I am a member of some FB group, I still sent private message to other members when they post a question that I can help instead of publicly typing my answer in the comment box. 2.2 Nature of language used 2.2.1 Language background The majority of my interaction with friends or relatives is translingual since we have multilingual background. Our exchange has frequent code-switching between Vietnamese and English, or in some cases three languages when I use Thai to chat with friends who know Thai. An ample evidence for this could be seen in the following extract between me and other two friends discussing about booking a room for a cruise trip (English words are highlighted in the left column): Extract 1 Anh the thoi xong chac cho ten + passport de dang ky la xong Thao in the worst case thà ¬ phà ²ng 8107 cÃ…Â ©ng Ä‘Æ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £c ha Anh uhh worst case cung dc re nhung tren web con nhieu lam, hon chuc phong co, ko lo Phuong Thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿ là   chà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœt xog Ä‘Ã ºng hok Chà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœt là ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡i bn ng Thao 4 ng mail sent TrÆ °a mai chÆ °a rep thà ¬ e gà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ i Ä‘ià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡n cho à ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ng luà ´n Anh thats all then perhaps we give (him) our names and passport to register Thao in the worst case, is room 8107 OK? Anh Yes, that worst case is OK. cheap But dont worry, the web stills show a lot of spare rooms, more than ten of them. Phuong Thats finalized right? In the end how many people? Thao 4 people mail sent If he does not rep the mail until next noon, I will call him. 2.2.2 Keyboard affordance Languages involved in my conversations are used in customized form due to keyboard. For instance, some of my Vietnamese friends did not have keyboard allowing typing tone markers or special Vietnamese characters, so their message were written in reduced Vietnamese. Though in some rare occasion did this obstruct our communication, the conversation generally went smooth because all interactants have Vietnamese as mother-tounge. Take the message from the following extract as an illustration, the friend that customized language is Anh: Extract 2 Original message Standard language Translated message Anh the thoi xong chac cho ten + passport de dang ky la xong Anh thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿ thà ´i xong chà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯c cho tà ªn + passport Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™ đăng kà ½ là   xong Anh thats all then perhaps we give (him) our names and passport to register Also due to keyboards lacking special characters, some language not using Latin alphabet must be transliterated and in my case is Thai. There was Thai virtual keyboard but it took time and may impede understanding so it was not employed: Extract 3 Original message Standard language Translated message Thao Uh hihi tks quà ¢n nhà ¬u Hong May pà ªn ray krub Thao Uh hihi tks quà ¢n nhà ¬u Hong à  Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã‹â€ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ £Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ £Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ±Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã… ¡ Thao Yeah hihi thanks a lot Hong Youre welcome! 2.2.3 Intimacy level Intimacy is the key factor shaping the choice of language in all my communications, and the level of formality in language is accordingly adjusted. Informal language could be detected via the use and density of colloquial, emoji, stickers, slangs, swear words. When talking with close friends, I used these informal expressions uncontrollably or rampantly, but I was more conscious and limit the use of them when interacting with normal friends, which are exemplified in the following extracts: Extract 1: with close friends (me, Trung and Ngoc). Ngoc is talking about her disgust when coming across her ex-boyfriends photos on Facebook. The language is flooded with swear word, exclamation, emoji, emphatic form like capitalisation and repetition of letters: Extract 4 Thao mà  y cà ³ cà ¢u thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ §n chà º gà ¬ k mà ¡Ã‚ »-i là ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ §n là ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡nh gà ¡y thà ¬ là ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ©m nhà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ©m Ngoc Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £t trc Ä‘Ã £ block hà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿t tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £ mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ i thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ © mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ i ngÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ i thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Å"i thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿ Ä‘ nà  o và ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ «n sà ³t à ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœi già ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £i Æ ¡i cà ³ hà ´m thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿ nà  o xem Ä‘c dm cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £ nà ³ cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £ ny mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi dm Ä‘i phÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £t à ´i Quoc Ngoc m phà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £i hià ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™u là   cà ¡i nhà ³m bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡n là ¬n cà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ §a nà ³ chuyà ªn Ä‘i phÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £t và   chà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¥p à ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £nh và   ăn là ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ©u và   chà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¥p à ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £nh (net uà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœc king) nà ªn dm nhià ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ u à ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £nh vc ra Cà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¨U TÔI Và ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¡I :((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( Thao Do you have any incantation whenever feeling disgusted? Ngoc I blocked all things and all people related to him but I still missed out some photos Oh my god Fuck it the other day I saw he and his new girlfriend fucking went trekking. oh Quoc Ngoc U have to understand that his fucking group of friends frequently go trekking and take photos and eat hotpot and take photos (networking) So theres a fucking bunch of photos HELP ME :((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( With a normal friend. This is Doan one friend I have acquainted for about 3 months, she is talking about her travel plan for Christmas. The relationship is not too close-knit hence the language is informal enough with the use of emoji but no swear words or emphatic forms: Extract 5 Doan tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¥i tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ º xmas nà  y Ä‘c nghà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ° dà  i Ä‘i 1 phà ¡t luà ´n Thao uh bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ n tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ º cÃ…Â ©ng nghà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ° dà  i nhÆ °ng tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ º cÃ…Â ©ng khà ´ng ham Ä‘i là ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯m Doan ^^ uh Thao cà ¡c bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡n Ä‘i khu nà  o tà ¢y à ¢u hay Ä‘Ã ´ng à ¢u Doan tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ º Ä‘i Ä‘Ã ´ng à ¢u, tà ¢y à ¢u và   nam à ¢u 5 nÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºc 1 thà ¡ng luà ´n Thao mà ¡Ã‚ »-i nÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºc à ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¸ 6 ngà  y? Doan uh Thao thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥y anh vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t đăng xin Ä‘Æ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £c visa phà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ §n lan thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿ là   Ä‘i phà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ §n lan trÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºc à   Doan anh vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t Ä‘i finland 1 mà ¬nh mà   =)) Doan This Xmas we have a long holiday. We travel the whole holiday. Thao Yeah we also have long Christmas holiday But Im not really interested in travel Doan ^^ yeah Thao Where are you going to travel to? Western or Eastern Europe? Doan Eastern, Western and Southern Europe 5 countries 1 month Thao 6 days per country? Doan yeah Thao I heard Mr. Viet said he had got his visa for Finland so you start your trip in Finland? Doan No, Mr. Viet travels to Finland by himself.

The Return: Midnight Chapter 32

â€Å"Damon doesn't mean to be such a – a bastard,†Bonnie said explosively. â€Å"He's just – so often he feels like it's the three of us against him – and – and – â€Å" â€Å"Well, who started that? Even back riding the thurgs,†Stefan said. â€Å"I know, but there's something else,†Bonnie said humbly. â€Å"Since it's only snow and rock and ice – he's – I don't know. He's al tight. Something's wrong.† â€Å"He's hungry,†Elena said, stricken by a sudden realization. Since the thurgs there had been nothing for the two vampires to hunt. They couldn't exist, like foxes, on insects and mice. Of course Lady Ulma had provided plenty of Black Magic for them, the only thing that even resembled a substitute for blood. But their supply was dwindling, and of course, they had to think of the trip back, as well . Suddenly Elena knew what would do her good. â€Å"Stefan,†she murmured, pul ing him into a nook in the craggy stone of the cave entrance. She pushed off her hood and unrol ed her scarf enough to expose one side of her neck. â€Å"Don't make me say ‘please'too many times,†she whispered to him. â€Å"I can't wait that long.† Stefan looked into her eyes, saw that she was serious – and determined – and kissed one of her mittened hands. â€Å"It's been long enough now, I think – no, I'm sure, or I would never even attempt this,†he whispered. Elena tipped her head back. Stefan stood between her and the wind and she was almost warm. She felt the little initial pain and then Stefan was drinking and their minds slid together like two raindrops on a glass window. He took very little blood. Just enough to make the difference in his eyes between Stillgreen pools and sparkling, effervescent streams. But then his gaze went Stillagain. â€Å"Damon†¦Ã¢â‚¬ he said, and paused awkwardly. What could Elena say? I just severed al ties with him? They were supposed to help one another along these trials; to show their wit and courage. If she refused, would she fail again? â€Å"Send him quick then,†she said. â€Å"Before I change my mind.† Five minutes later Elena was again tucked into the little nook, while Damon turned her head back and forth with dispassionate precision, then suddenly darted forward and sank his fangs into a prominent vein. Elena felt her eyes go wide. A bite that hurt this much – Well, she hadn't experienced it since the days when she had been stupid and unprepared and had fought with al her strength to get free. As for Damon's mind – there was a steel wal . Since she had to do this, she had been hoping to see the little boy who lived in Damon's inmost soul, the one who was the unwil ing Watch-Keeper over al of his secrets, but she couldn't even thaw the steel a little. After a minute or two, Stefan pul ed Damon off of her – not gently. Damon came away sul enly, wiping his mouth. â€Å"Are you okay?†Bonnie asked in a worried whisper, as Elena rummaged through Lady Ulma's medicine box for a piece of gauze to staunch the unhealed wounds in her neck. â€Å"I've been better,†Elena said briefly, as she wrapped up her scarf again. Bonnie sighed. â€Å"Meredith is the one who real y belongs here,†she said. â€Å"Yes, but Meredith real y belongs in Fel ‘s Church, too. I only hope they can hold on long enough for us to come back.† â€Å"I only hope that we can come back with something that wil help them,†Bonnie whispered. Meredith and Matt spent the time from 2:00 A.M. to dawn pouring infinitesimal drops from Misao's star bal onto the streets of the town, and asking the Power to – somehow – help them in the fight against Shinichi. This brisk movement from place to place had also netted a surprising bonus: kids. Not crazy kids. Normal ones, terrified of their brothers and sisters or of their parents, not daring to go home because of the awful things they had seen there. Meredith and Matt had crammed them into Matt's mother's second-hand SUV and brought them to Matt's house. In the end, they had more than thirty kids, from ages five to sixteen, al too frightened to play, or talk, or even to ask for anything. But they'd eaten everything Mrs. Flowers could find that wasn't spoiled in Matt's refrigerator and pantry, and from the pantries of the deserted houses on either side of the Honeycutts'. Matt, watching a ten-year-old girl cramming plain white bread into her mouth with wolfish hunger, tears running down her grimy face as she chewed and swal owed, said quietly to Meredith, â€Å"Think we've got any ringers in here?† â€Å"I'd bet my life on it,†she replied just as quietly. â€Å"But what are we going to do? Cole doesn't know anything helpful. We'l just have to pray that the un-possessed kids wil be able to help us when Shinichi's ringers attack.† â€Å"I think the best option when confronted by possessed kids who may have weapons is to run.† Meredith nodded absently, but Matt noticed she took the stave everywhere with her now. â€Å"I've devised a little test for them. I'm going to smack every one with a Post-It, and see what happens. Kids who've done things they regret may get hysterical, kids who're already just terrified may get some comfort, and the ringers wil either attack or run.† â€Å"This I have to see.† Meredith's test lured out only two ringers in the whole mob, a thirteen-year-old boy and a fifteen-year-old girl. Each of them screamed and darted through the house, shrieking wildly. Matt couldn't stop them. When it was al over and the older kids were comforting the younger ones, Matt and Meredith finished boarding up the windows and pasting amulets between the boards. They spent the evening scouting for food, questioning the kids about Shinichi and the Last Midnight, and helping Mrs. Flowers treat injuries. They tried to keep one person on guard at alltimes, but since they had been up and moving since 1:30 A.M., they were al very tired. At a quarter to eleven Meredith came to Matt, who was cleaning the scratches of a yel ow-haired eight-year-old. â€Å"Okay,†she said quietly, â€Å"I'm going to take my car and get the new amulets Mrs. Saitou said she'd have done by now. Do you mind if I take Saber?† Matt shook his head. â€Å"No, I'l do it. I know the Saitous better, anyway.† Meredith gave what, in a less refined person, might have been cal ed a snort. â€Å"I know them well enough to say, excuse me, Inari-Obaasan; excuse me, Orime-san; we're the troublemakers who keep asking for huge amounts of anti-evil amulets, but you don't mind that, do you?† Matt smiled faintly, let the eight-year-old go, and said, â€Å"Well, they might mind it less if you got their names straight. ‘Obaasan'means ‘grandma,'right?† â€Å"Yes, of course.† â€Å"And ‘san'is just a thingy you put at the end of a name to be polite.† Meredith nodded, adding, â€Å"And ‘a thingy at the end'is cal ed an ‘honorific suffix.'† â€Å"Yeah, yeah, but for al your big words you've got their names wrong. It's Orime-grandma and Orime-Isobel's-mother. So Orime-Obaasan and Orime-san, too.† Meredith sighed. â€Å"Look, Matt, Bonnie and I met them first. Grandma introduced herself as Inari. Now I know she's a little wacky, but she would certainly know her own name, right?† â€Å"And she introduced herself to me and said not just that she was named Orime, but that her daughter was named after her. Talk your way out of that one.† â€Å"Matt, shal I get my notebook? It's in the boardinghouse den – â€Å" Matt gave a short sharp laugh – almost a sob. He looked to make sure Mrs. Flowers wasn't around and then hissed, â€Å"It's somewhere down at the center of the earth, maybe. There is no den anymore.† For a moment Meredith looked simply shocked, but then she frowned. Matt glared darkly. It didn't help to think that they were the two most unlikely of their group to quarrel. Here they were, and Matt could practical y see the sparks flying. â€Å"All right,†Meredith said final y, â€Å"I'l just go over there and ask for Orime-Obaasan, and then tel them it was al your fault when they laugh.† Matt shook his head. â€Å"Nobody's going to laugh, because you're going to get it right that way.† â€Å"Look, Matt,†Meredith said, â€Å"I've been reading so much on the Internet that I even know the name Inari. I've come across it somewhere. And I'm sure I would have made†¦made the connection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Her voice trailed off. When Matt turned his eyes down from the ceiling, he started. Meredith's face was white and she was breathing quickly. â€Å"Inari†¦Ã¢â‚¬ she whispered. â€Å"I do know that name, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Suddenly she grabbed Matt's wrist so hard that it hurt. â€Å"Matt, is your computer absolutely dead?† â€Å"It went when the electricity went. By now even the generator is gone.† â€Å"But you have a mobile that connects to the Internet, right?† The urgency in her voice made Matt, in turn, take her seriously. â€Å"Sure,†he said. â€Å"But the battery's been kaput for at least a day. Without electricity I can't recharge it. And my mom took hers. She can't live without it. Stefan and Elena must've left their stuff at the boardinghouse – â€Å"He shook his head at Meredith's hopeful expression and whispered, â€Å"Or, should I say, where the boardinghouse used to be.† â€Å"But we have to find a mobile or computer that works! We have to! I need it to work for just a minute!†Meredith said frantical y, breaking away from him and beginning to pace as if trying to beat some world record. Matt was staring at her in bewilderment. â€Å"But why?† â€Å"Because we have to. I need it, even just for a minute!† Matt could only gaze at her, perplexed. Final y he said, â€Å"I guess we can ask the kids.† â€Å"The kids! One of them has got to have a live mobile! Come on, Matt, we have to talk to them right now.†She stopped and said, rather huskily, â€Å"I pray that you're right and I'm wrong.† â€Å"Huh?†Matt had no idea what was going on. â€Å"I said I pray that I'm wrong! You pray, too, Matt – please!†

Designing A Research Design For Public Administration...

In this response, first, I am going to define conceptualization and operationalization concepts. Second, I will list out different strategies and methods that could be used to carry out a research design in public administration research and briefly identify them. Third, I will explain the essential differences between the way one conceptualizes and operationalizes a hypothesis or research question in terms of which research strategy and methodology one uses to carry out the research. In public administration research, conceptualization is the method of development and interpretation of concepts, which is â€Å"choosing and formulating† of a research problem (pg. number?). Operationalization is a process of defining the dimension of a sensation that is not directly determinate, though its presence is specified by other phenomena, this lies the path for an empirical mode of research. By using conceptualization research method, problems are always chosen on the basis of several fundamentals. First, problems can base on researchers’ interests and preceding information based on knowledge and favorites. Second, documented scientific knowledge. The way to research the knowledge that has previously been conducted is to apply the empirical cycle induction, make connections, test and relate the theoretical framework in place, exam a theory of curiosity, use deductive research modes, and experiment the validity of the hypothesis that is previously given. Third,Show MoreRelatedTarget Brand And Position Target Corporation827 Words   |  4 Pagesand implement a comprehensive public relations plan and timeline that fits the budget, targets the desired markets and promotes the company. The objectives of our promotional efforts will be to increase awareness of the Target brand and position Target Corporation as a positive, vital force in the community. 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